DeepMinds AlphaFold 2 solves protein folding at CASP14 with median accuracy near experimental methods. One of biologys greatest challenges falls to AI.

OpenAI reveals DALL-E, a 12B parameter model that generates images from text. "Avocado chair" becomes the iconic demo. Generative AI art begins its mass-market arc.

Google Brain publishes Switch Transformer, scaling to 1.6T parameters using mixture-of-experts. Sparse scaling becomes a viable path to trillion-parameter models.